===>>GO TO THE STORE<<=== JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) ¶ ↑
JSON is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for us humans to read and write. Plus, equally simple for machines to generate or parse. JSON is completely language agnostic, making it the ideal interchange format.
Built on two universally available structures:
1. A collection of name/value pairs. Often referred to as an _object_, hash table, record, struct, keyed list, or associative array. 2. An ordered list of values. More commonly called an _array_, vector, sequence or list.
Parsing JSON ¶ ↑
To parse a JSON string received by another application or generated within your existing application:
require 'json' my_hash = JSON . parse ( '' ) puts my_hash [ "hello" ] = > "goodbye"
Notice the extra quotes '' around the hash notation. Ruby expects the argument to be a string and can't convert objects like a hash or array.
Ruby converts your string into a hash.
Generating JSON ¶ ↑
Creating a JSON string for communication or serialization is just as simple.
require 'json' my_hash = hello = > "goodbye" > puts JSON . generate ( my_hash ) = > ""
Or an alternative way:
require 'json' puts "goodbye">.to_json => ""
JSON.generate only allows objects or arrays to be converted to JSON syntax. to_json , however, accepts many Ruby classes even though it acts only as a method for serialization:
require 'json' 1.to_json => "1"
Constants.
Infinity JSON_LOADED MinusInfinity NaN UnparserError.
This exception is raised if a generator or unparser error occurs.
Attributes.
create_id [RW]
This is create identifier, which is used to decide if the json_create hook of a class should be called. It defaults to 'json_class'.
dump_default_options [RW]
:max_nesting: false :allow_nan: true :quirks_mode: true.
generator [R]
Returns the JSON generator module that is used by JSON. This is either JSON::Ext::Generator or JSON::Pure::Generator.
load_default_options [RW]
:max_nesting: false :allow_nan: true :quirks_mode: true.
Returns the JSON generator state class that is used by JSON. This is either JSON::Ext::Generator::State or JSON::Pure::Generator::State.
Public Class Methods.
[] (object, opts = <>) click to toggle source.
The opts argument is passed through to generate/parse respectively. See generate and parse for their documentation.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 12 def [] ( object , opts = <>) if object . respond_to? :to_str JSON . parse ( object . to_str , opts ) else JSON . generate ( object , opts ) end end.
const_defined_in? (modul, constant) click to toggle source.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 429 def self . const_defined_in? ( modul , constant ) modul . const_defined? ( constant ) end.
iconv (to, from, string) click to toggle source.
Encodes string using Ruby's String.encode.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 417 def self . iconv ( to , from , string ) string . encode ( to , from ) end.
restore (source, proc = nil, options = <>)
Public Instance Methods.
dump (obj, anIO = nil, limit = nil) click to toggle source.
Dumps obj as a JSON string, i.e. calls generate on the object and returns the result.
If anIO (an IO-like object or an object that responds to the write method) was given, the resulting JSON is written to it.
If the number of nested arrays or objects exceeds limit , an ArgumentError exception is raised. This argument is similar (but not exactly the same!) to the limit argument in Marshal.dump.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 384 def dump ( obj , anIO = nil , limit = nil ) if anIO and limit . nil? anIO = anIO . to_io if anIO . respond_to? ( :to_io ) unless anIO . respond_to? ( :write ) limit = anIO anIO = nil end end opts = JSON . dump_default_options limit and opts . update ( :max_nesting = > limit ) result = generate ( obj , opts ) if anIO anIO . write result anIO else result end rescue JSON :: NestingError raise ArgumentError , "exceed depth limit" end.
fast_generate (obj, opts = nil) click to toggle source.
Generate a JSON document from the Ruby data structure obj and return it. This method disables the checks for circles in Ruby objects.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 238 def fast_generate ( obj , opts = nil ) if State === opts state , opts = opts , nil else state = FAST_STATE_PROTOTYPE . dup end if opts if opts . respond_to? :to_hash opts = opts . to_hash elsif opts . respond_to? :to_h opts = opts . to_h else raise TypeError , "can't convert # into Hash" end state . configure ( opts ) end state . generate ( obj ) end.
generate (obj, opts = nil) click to toggle source.
Generate a JSON document from the Ruby data structure obj and return it. state is * a JSON::State object,
or a Hash like object (responding to to_hash), an object convertible into a hash by a to_h method,
that is used as or to configure a State object.
It defaults to a state object, that creates the shortest possible JSON text in one line, checks for circular data structures and doesn't allow NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity.
A state hash can have the following keys:
indent : a string used to indent levels (default: ''), space : a string that is put after, a : or , delimiter (default: ''), space_before : a string that is put before a : pair delimiter (default: ''), object_nl : a string that is put at the end of a JSON object (default: ''), array_nl : a string that is put at the end of a JSON array (default: ''), allow_nan : true if NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity should be generated, otherwise an exception is thrown if these values are encountered. This options defaults to false. max_nesting : The maximum depth of nesting allowed in the data structures from which JSON is to be generated. Disable depth checking with :max_nesting => false, it defaults to 100.
See also the #fast_generate for the fastest creation method with the least amount of sanity checks, and the #pretty_generate method for some defaults for pretty output.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 207 def generate ( obj , opts = nil ) if State === opts state , opts = opts , nil else state = SAFE_STATE_PROTOTYPE . dup end if opts if opts . respond_to? :to_hash opts = opts . to_hash elsif opts . respond_to? :to_h opts = opts . to_h else raise TypeError , "can't convert # into Hash" end state = state . configure ( opts ) end state . generate ( obj ) end.
load (source, proc = nil, options = <>) click to toggle source.
Load a ruby data structure from a JSON source and return it. A source can either be a string-like object, an IO-like object, or an object responding to the read method. If proc was given, it will be called with any nested Ruby object as an argument recursively in depth first order. To modify the default options pass in the optional options argument as well.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 322 def load ( source , proc = nil , options = <>) opts = load_default_options . merge options if source . respond_to? :to_str source = source . to_str elsif source . respond_to? :to_io source = source . to_io . read elsif source . respond_to? ( :read ) source = source . read end if opts [ :quirks_mode ] && ( source . nil? || source . empty? ) source = 'null' end result = parse ( source , opts ) recurse_proc ( result , & proc ) if proc result end.
Also aliased as: restore.
parse (source, opts = <>) click to toggle source.
Parse the JSON document source into a Ruby data structure and return it.
opts can have the following keys:
max_nesting : The maximum depth of nesting allowed in the parsed data structures. Disable depth checking with :max_nesting => false. It defaults to 100. allow_nan : If set to true, allow NaN, Infinity and -Infinity in defiance of RFC 4627 to be parsed by the Parser. This option defaults to false. symbolize_names : If set to true, returns symbols for the names (keys) in a JSON object. Otherwise strings are returned. Strings are the default. create_additions : If set to false, the Parser doesn't create additions even if a matching class and ::create_id was found. This option defaults to true. object_class : Defaults to Hash array_class : Defaults to Array.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 154 def parse ( source , opts = <>) Parser . new ( source , opts ). parse end.
parse! (source, opts = <>) click to toggle source.
Parse the JSON document source into a Ruby data structure and return it. The bang version of the parse method defaults to the more dangerous values for the opts hash, so be sure only to parse trusted source documents.
opts can have the following keys:
max_nesting : The maximum depth of nesting allowed in the parsed data structures. Enable depth checking with :max_nesting => anInteger. The parse! methods defaults to not doing max depth checking: This can be dangerous if someone wants to fill up your stack. allow_nan : If set to true, allow NaN, Infinity, and -Infinity in defiance of RFC 4627 to be parsed by the Parser. This option defaults to true. create_additions : If set to false, the Parser doesn't create additions even if a matching class and ::create_id was found. This option defaults to true.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 173 def parse! ( source , opts = <>) opts = :max_nesting = > false , :allow_nan = > true >. update ( opts ) Parser . new ( source , opts ). parse end.
pretty_generate (obj, opts = nil) click to toggle source.
Generate a JSON document from the Ruby data structure obj and return it. The returned document is a prettier form of the document returned by unparse.
The opts argument can be used to configure the generator. See the generate method for a more detailed explanation.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 269 def pretty_generate ( obj , opts = nil ) if State === opts state , opts = opts , nil else state = PRETTY_STATE_PROTOTYPE . dup end if opts if opts . respond_to? :to_hash opts = opts . to_hash elsif opts . respond_to? :to_h opts = opts . to_h else raise TypeError , "can't convert # into Hash" end state . configure ( opts ) end state . generate ( obj ) end.
recurse_proc (result, &proc) click to toggle source.
Recursively calls passed Proc if the parsed data structure is an Array or Hash.
# File ext/json/lib/json/common.rb, line 340 def recurse_proc ( result , & proc ) case result when Array result . each | x | recurse_proc x , & proc > proc . call result when Hash result . each | x , y | recurse_proc x , & proc ; recurse_proc y , & proc > proc . call result else proc . call result end end.
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